Dual coding
이중부호화
Also known as: dual coding theory
The theory that words and images are stored through separate channels, so pairing them gives memory two routes back.
Paivio proposed that verbal and imagery information are handled by separate systems (1986). Meeting a picture and a word together leaves a trace in both.
Pictures tend to be remembered better than words alone (Shepard, 1967; Nelson et al., 1976), and multimedia learning research points the same way (Mayer, 2009).
This is why early materials put picture and word on the same card. A decorative image unrelated to the word does not help; it competes for attention.
- ConditionIt works only when the image actually shows what the word means.
- Applying itPicture, word, meaning and sound on one card.